Topography is a branch of geodesy which deals with the measurement technique of a portion of Earth’s shell, with determining the position of earth elements on small surfaces (considered flat), as well as graphical or numerical representation technique of the measured surfaces, for drawing up maps and plans; detailed description of a place in terms of placement, configuration, etc; how elements of an ensemble are arranged in space.
Officially, in Romania, the Stereographic 1970 Projection (Stereo’70) system is used as reference system except Bucharest, where the local system Stereo’30 is used instead.
TOPOGRAPHIC SERVICES:
- GIS Applications
- Construction Measurements
- GPS Measurements
- Maps and Plans Vectorization
- Topographic Engineering
- Topographic Site Surveying
- Bathymetric Measurements
- Aerial Photography
GIS Applications
GIS Applications enable the integration of graphics and text information in a geospatial database that becomes a powerful and effective tool in the management of multiple information involved in a large project. GIS applications enable the user to analyze and simulate various situations that implicitly depend on several factors (climatic, geological, altimetrical, hydrogeological, etc.).
- Procurement of GIS data by converting the existing data into a digital format;
- Field procurement of the GIS data;
- Programs for online management of geospatial data;
- Different data conversion and their integration into the GIS system;
- Updating the databases;
Construction Measurements
Construction Measurements are performed in order to draw situation plans of some existing buildings, this being necessary in planning future work or updating old plans.
- Drawings of the elements of a scaled construction;
- Measurements of heights;
- Cross and longitudinal sections;
- Roof plans;
- Reinforcement plans;
- Space planning;
GPS Measurements
GPS Measurements help the operator to determine the coordinates of points of interest with high precision, regardless of location, in a shorter time compared to traditional techniques.
- Possibility of fast and accurate determination of the X,Y coordinate;
- Achievement and thickening of the support topographic networks;
- Determination of the property boundaries;
- Limitations of interest areas;
- Monitoring of the movements in time;
Maps and Plans Vectorization
Maps and plans conversion from clasic support into digital support can be done by digitizing the characteristic features bringing thus in a vector format, with multiple possibilities of exploitation.
- Digitization of cadastral and topographical plans and maps;
- Vectoring civil and industrial projects;
- Touristic and thematic maps;
- Obtaining of maps with isolines;
- Vectoring the communication lines on the raster maps;
- Putting into coordinates of raster format topographical maps and plans on optical support;
- 3D modeling of the digitized maps;
Topographic Engineering
By their nature, engineering works require a good knowledge of the land’s topographical features in order to design and plan works, as well as specialized topographical assistance during the progress of these works.
- Drawings and verticalizations;
- Mapping of urban utilities;
- Construction scaled drawings;
- Dimensions monitoring and control;
- High precision leveling;
Topographic Site Surveying
The topographical site surveying is the technique and science used to determine the exact spatial position of points and distances and the angles between them. These points are usually on the Earth’s surface and are often used to establish land maps, property boundaries or for governmental purposes.
- Situation and Site Plans;
- Precision Leveling;
- Control Measurements;
- Surface Computing;
- Land Modeling;
- Digital Terrain Model (DTM);
- Contouring;
- Longitudinal and Transversal Profiles;
- Volumes calculation;
Applications for topographic measurements:
- Quick and accurate determination of X, Y coordinates
- Obtaining and increasing frequency of basic topographic networks
- Determination of property boundaries – agricultural, forestry, etc.
- Delimitation of interest zones – lakes, forests limits, agricultural land, etc.
- Monitoring displacements over time
- Map of location and current situation from site
- Control measurements
- Calculation of surfaces
- Land modeling
- Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
- Contour level
- Longitudinal and transverse profiles
- Volumes calculation
- Markings and verticalization
- Mapping urban utilities
- Monitoring and control dimensions
- High precision leveling
- Digitization of cadastral and topographic maps
- Vectorization of civil and industrial projects
- Sightseeing and thematic maps
- Obtaining maps with isolines
- Vectorization lines of interest (roads, boundaries lakes, forests, pastures, etc.)
- Georeferencing raster maps
- 3D modeling of digitized maps
- Obtaining GIS data by converting the existing data in specific format
- Purchase of land thematic data
- Online management programs of geospatial data
- Convert various data and their integration into a GIS
- Construction Surveys
- Measurements of heights
- Longitudinal and Cross Sections
- Roof Plans
- Plans for reinforcing