Geophysical surveying, by using dedicated methods and equipment, develop a series of applications designed to support projects and investigations which have an immediately applicative character.
Engineering projects of infrastructure development (roads, bridges, railways, pipelines and underground cables, etc.) and evaluation of mineral resources in quarries and gravel pits are often in close contact with a good knowledge of geological and hydrogeological characteristics of the subsoil.
Study of groundwater pollution with inorganic contaminants, nondestructive exploration of archaeological sites, identify and locate buried objects (pipes, cables, tanks, unexploded bombs) are other practical applications in which geophysics comes with specific solutions and approaching techniques.
Investigating boreholes (Borehole geophysics) of small and great depth is a special type of application designed to bring new information on geological and hydrogeological characteristics of rock layers crossed by drilling. Borehole geophysics is the only one able to reconstruct the geological information, when this is lost or insufficient.
Depending on the purpose in geophysical investigations are applied to one or more geophysical methods of investigation using proper equipment.
Geophysical Surveying Methods & Applications
- Seismic Refraction
- Seismic Reflection
- Surface Waves Analysis (SWA)
- Down-Hole (DH) and Cross-Hole (SH)
- Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW)
- Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR)
2. Electromagnetic Investigations
- Frequency Domain (FD) and Time Domain (TD)
- Metal Detection (MD)
- Radio Frequency (RF)
- Very Low Frequency (VLF)
- Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
3. Geoelectrical Investigations
4. Natural Potential Measurement
- Magnetic Field Intensity and Vector
- Microgravimetry
- Self Potential (SP) Surveying
- Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR)
* APPLICATIONS OF GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS: